=========================================================================================== FERC Form 1 -- Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities =========================================================================================== .. list-table:: :widths: auto :header-rows: 0 :stub-columns: 1 * - Source URL - https://www.ferc.gov/industries-data/electric/general-information/electric-industry-forms/form-1-electric-utility-annual * - Source Description - The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form 1 is a comprehensive financial and operating report submitted annually for electric rate regulation, market oversight analysis, and financial audits by Major electric utilities, licensees and others. * - Respondents - Major electric utilities and licenses. * - Records Liberated - ~13.2 million (116 raw tables), ~4.7 million (23 clean tables) * - Source Format - XBRL (.XBRL) and Visual FoxPro Database (.DBC/.DBF) * - Download Size - 2051 MB * - Temporal Coverage - 1994-2024 * - PUDL Code - ``ferc1`` * - Issues - `Open FERC Form 1 -- Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities issues `__ PUDL Database Tables ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ We've segmented the processed data into the following normalized data tables. Clicking on the links will show you a description of the table as well as the names and descriptions of each of its fields. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: auto * - Data Dictionary - Browse Online * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_balance_sheet_assets_sched110` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_balance_sheet_assets_sched110 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_balance_sheet_liabilities_sched110` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_balance_sheet_liabilities_sched110 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_cash_flows_sched120` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_cash_flows_sched120 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_by_function_sched219` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_by_function_sched219 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_changes_sched219` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_changes_sched219 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_summary_sched336` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_depreciation_summary_sched336 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_energy_dispositions_sched401` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_energy_dispositions_sched401 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_energy_sources_sched401` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_energy_sources_sched401 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_hydroelectric_plants_sched406` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_hydroelectric_plants_sched406 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_income_statements_sched114` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_income_statements_sched114 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_operating_expenses_sched320` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_operating_expenses_sched320 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_operating_revenues_sched300` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_operating_revenues_sched300 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_other_regulatory_liabilities_sched278` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_other_regulatory_liabilities_sched278 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_plant_in_service_sched204` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_plant_in_service_sched204 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_pumped_storage_plants_sched408` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_pumped_storage_plants_sched408 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_purchased_power_and_exchanges_sched326` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_purchased_power_and_exchanges_sched326 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_retained_earnings_sched118` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_retained_earnings_sched118 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_sales_by_rate_schedules_sched304` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_sales_by_rate_schedules_sched304 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_small_plants_sched410` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_small_plants_sched410 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_fuel_sched402` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_fuel_sched402 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_sched402` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_steam_plants_sched402 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_transmission_lines_sched422` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_transmission_lines_sched422 * - :ref:`core_ferc1__yearly_utility_plant_summary_sched200` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_ferc1__yearly_utility_plant_summary_sched200 We've also created the following tables mapping manually assigned PUDL IDs to FERC respondent IDs, enabling a connection between the FERC and EIA data sets. .. list-table:: :header-rows: 1 :widths: auto * - Data Dictionary - Browse Online * - :ref:`core_pudl__assn_ferc1_dbf_pudl_utilities` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_pudl__assn_ferc1_dbf_pudl_utilities * - :ref:`core_pudl__assn_ferc1_pudl_plants` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_pudl__assn_ferc1_pudl_plants * - :ref:`core_pudl__assn_ferc1_pudl_utilities` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_pudl__assn_ferc1_pudl_utilities * - :ref:`core_pudl__assn_ferc1_xbrl_pudl_utilities` - https://data.catalyst.coop/search?q=name:core_pudl__assn_ferc1_xbrl_pudl_utilities Background ^^^^^^^^^^ The FERC Form 1, otherwise known as the **Electric Utility Annual Report**, contains financial and operating data for major utilities and licensees. Much of it is not publicly available anywhere else. Download additional documentation --------------------------------- * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2005-03-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2007-06-30 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2008-07-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2011-12-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2014-12-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2016-11-30 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2019-12-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2022-11-30 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Blank 2025-07-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1 Db Diagram 2015 ` * :download:`Ferc1A Blank 2025-07-31 ` * :download:`Ferc1F Blank 2025-07-31 ` * :download:`Ferc3Q Electric 2025-07-31 ` * :download:`Ferc3Q Gas 2025-07-31 ` Data available through PUDL --------------------------- With the new XBRL format we are in the process of integrating the data into the full PUDL ETL pipeline. Previously, with the Visual FoxPro filings we had integrated 7 tables into the pipeline. We focused on the tables pertaining to power plants, their capital & operating expenses, and fuel consumption. We hope to soon be able to pull just about any other table. Who submits this data? ---------------------- As outlined in the Commission's Uniform System of Accounts Prescribed for Public Utilities and Licensees Subject To the Provisions of The Federal Power Act (18 C.F.R. Part 101), to qualify as a respondent, entities must exceed at least one of the following criteria for three consecutive years prior to reporting: * 1 million MWh of total sales * 100MWh of annual sales for resale * 500MWh of annual power exchanges delivered * 500MWh of annual wheeling for others (deliveries plus losses) Annual responses are due in April of the following year. FERC typically releases the new data in October. What does the original data look like? -------------------------------------- .. seealso:: Explore the raw FERC Form 1 data at: https://data.catalyst.coop/ferc1 (old DBF) and https://data.catalyst.coop/ferc1_xbrl (new XBRL) As of early 2021, the data is now published as a collection of XBRL filings. Previous data remains in Visual FoxPro databases. The new data remains difficult to access and we are in the process of understanding the underlying data and integrating this new format into PUDL. Previously the data was structured as follows: The data is published as a collection of Visual FoxPro databases: one per year beginning in 1994. The databases all share a very similar structure and contain a total of 116 data tables and ~8GB of raw data (though 90% of that data is in 3 tables containing binary data). The `final release of Visual FoxPro was v9.0 in 2007 `__. Its `extended support period ended in 2015 `__. The bridge application which allowed this database to be used in Microsoft Access has been discontinued. FERC's use of this database format creates a significant barrier to data access. New data is released as a collection of XBRL filings and the structure of the XBRL and DBF data are reconciled so they can be used together seamlessly in PUDL. The FERC 1 database is poorly normalized and the data itself does not appear to be subject to much quality control. For more detailed context and documentation on a table-by-table basis, look at :doc:`/data_dictionaries/ferc1_db`. Many of the FERC Form 1 tables contain a ``record_id`` that indicates what original table and record in either the XBRL or DBF derived SQLite databases the data came from for forensic / data provenance purposes. The ``record_id`` is NOT in general a unique identifier within a given PUDL database table, because in many cases the original data has been reshaped and normalized such that several records in the PUDL database can be traced back to a single record in the original data. Notable Irregularities ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Sadly, the FERC Form 1 database is not particularly... relational. The only foreign key relationships that exist map ``respondent_id`` fields in the individual data tables back to ``f1_respondent_id``. In theory, most of the data tables use ``report_year``, ``respondent_id``, ``row_number``, ``spplmnt_num`` and ``report_prd`` as a composite primary key. In practice, there are several thousand records (out of ~12 million), including some in almost every table, that violate the uniqueness constraint on those primary keys. Since there aren't many meaningful foreign key relationships anyway, rather than dropping the records with non-unique natural composite keys, we chose to preserve all of the records and use surrogate auto-incrementing primary keys in the cloned SQLite database. Lots of the data included in the FERC tables is extraneous and difficult to parse. None of the tables have record identification and they sometimes contain multiple rows pertaining to the same plant or portion of a plant. For example, a utility might report values for individual plants as well as the sum total, rendering any aggregations performed on the column inaccurate. Sometimes there are values reported for the total rows and not the individual plants making them difficult to simply remove. Moreover, these duplicate rows are incredibly difficult to identify. To improve their usability, we have developed a complex system of regional mapping in order to create ids for each of the plants that can then be compared to PUDL ids and used for integration with EIA and other data. We also remove many of the duplicate rows and are in the midst of executing a more thorough review of the extraneous rows. Over time we will pull in and clean up additional FERC Form 1 tables. If there's data you need from Form 1 in bulk, you can `hire us `__ to liberate it first. PUDL Data Transformations ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ To see the transformations applied to the data in each table, you can read the docstrings for :mod:`pudl.transform.ferc1` created for each table's respective transform function.